Among the andean species the most important are the Camelidos: Llama, Alpaca, Gump and Vicuna. The last two camelidos are in extincion. For that reason, the National Parks and Natural Reserves have been created. The Vicuna possess the thinnest fiber ever know and it has a great value in the international market.


The lakes and rivers have a great variety of fishes, beside the native species, it´s easy to find foreing species like the trout and the pejerrey.

The inhabitants are the main descendants of the Inca Empire, they speak quechua and have a rich alive culture represented in the arquitecture, music, dance and other cultural manifestation.

The highest peak is the Huascarán with 6.740 m above the sea level and at least, there are other 20 peaks that exceed the 6.000 m above the sea.

The mountain chain is divided in three branches from the south to the north:

• The Western Mountain chain of the Coast..
• The Central Mountain chain.
• The Oriental or Amazonian Mountain chain.

The Oriental Mountain Chain becomes shelter to the major biodiversity of the country and one of the highest of the world, for being stuck on the Amazonian plain. The ecological floors are the refugee of abundant flora and fauna.

In the north of the country, great part of the biodiversity is already been destroy by the settling of coca and fruit trees plantations. In the south of the country from Vilcabamba's Mountain chain up to Bolivia is slightly populated and is almost iintact, preserving a great variety of species of flora and fauna, nowdays protected by National Park, Natural Reserves and Sanctuaries. The population density is less than 05 inhabitans per km2.